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Pyrethrum is a source
of natural insecticides that are widely used in agriculture
and for domestic purposes; the active constituents are
recovered from the dried flower-heads.
For over 160 years, pyrethrum has been
safely and effectively used as a pesticide the world
over. Unique in their ability to eliminate most insect
pests while posing virtually no threat to the environment
Pyrethrum is the most
widely used botanical insecticide in the World. The
active ingredient, permethrin, is extracted from the
chrysanthemum plant, Dendranthemum (Chrysanthemum)
cinerariaefolium.
Most insects are highly susceptible
to pyrethrum at low concentrations. The compound acts
rapidly on insects, causing immediate "knockdown."
Flying insects drop almost immediately upon exposure.
Pyrethrums also are highly irritating to insects, so
they may be used as a "flushing agent"
or irritant to make them come out of hiding.
Fast knockdown and actual insect death
don't always go hand in hand, as many insects recover
after the initial knockdown. For this reason, pyrethrums
are mixed with a synergist such as piperonyl
butoxide (PBO) to increase insect mortality.
Pyrethrums are primarily effective as a contact poison.
They affect the central nervous system of insects.
Pyrethrum is nontoxic to most mammals,
making it among the safest insecticides in use. In fact,
it has more approved EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
uses than any other insecticide.
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